Rahul Matthan: Digipin will displace workarounds to getting around

This is a story that repeats itself millions of times a day across the length and breadth of the country. Our addressing system is so broken that delivery agents have taken to calling even before they set out. Despite India being a top-five economy, we still navigate like medieval merchants, using directions like “turn left at the paan shop."

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This is somewhat ironic considering that India has one of the world’s most extensive postal networks. With 155,000 offices and 89% rural coverage, India Post can reach virtually every person in the country. But the challenge isn’t reaching them, it is reaching them on time. In a world where next-day delivery is the norm and 10 minutes is fast becoming an expectation, our postal service is just not up to the task.

So we’ve turned to logistics companies and their armies of delivery agents who zip around following turn-by-turn directions on  mobile phones strapped to their handlebars to get parcels to us. And even if the miracles of modern technology get them close to us, the last mile often defeats them.

Last week, the Department of Posts launched Digipin, a brand new digital addressing system that might be an answer to this problem. By dividing all of India into millions of tiny squares (about the size of a parking space), each with a unique 10-character name, all you would need to do is find the Digipin square that corresponds to the exact location of your doorstep and share the ten characters that define it with whoever needs to reach you.

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Unlike proprietary pinpoint systems like What3Words, Digipin is India’s latest block of digital public infrastructure (DPI). Free, open and designed for national scale, it offers a foundation for addressing-as-a-service. Since its specifications are open source and easily accessible on Github, all it takes is a few API calls for applications to integrate with it. Which means that we no longer need to go through endless cycles of “turn left at the temple, then right after the blue house," for deliveries to reach us.

The real challenge will be adoption. Digipin names are unintelligible alphanumeric phrases like ‘G4J-9K4-7LPY’ that are hard to remember. If this is what we have to memorize to use it, we will get even more lost than we do today. What’s needed is a way to translate these alphanumeric phrases into something we can recall.

This is a problem that’s already been solved. Internet websites are identified by 12-digit URLs that no one remembers. However, since all URLs are mapped to domain names that are easy to recall, we simply type those names into a browser for domain name servers (DNS) to translate into URLs that a computer can understand.

Just as DNS unlocked the web for billions by translating forgettable URLs into names we could remember, a similar alias layer could unlock Digipin’s mass adoption. Once we have this, I will be able to register a phrase like ‘rahul.matthan.home’ and map it to the precise Digipin coordinates of my front doorstep. Then all I need to do is share it with the delivery agent, who will then be able to navigate directly to my front door.

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Digipin is designed to work with all Global Navigation Satellite Systems, but I am particularly pleased to see that it will work with India’s own NavIC satellite constellation. In a 2017 Ex Machina article, I had pointed out that GPS is “probably modern civilisation’s single point of failure," given that it is a US Department of Defense system that underpins everything we rely on, from mobile networks to power grids. At this fractious time in global geopolitics, we should ensure that our digital location service relies on our own network of geo-positioning satellites.

According to MIT Media Lab, India loses over 0.5% of its GDP annually because 80% of its addresses are described in relation to landmarks that lie anywhere between 50 and 1,500 metres away from their actual location. For an economy that wants to grow to $5 trillion by 2027, precision addressing isn’t a luxury—it’s a necessity.

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As with every other DPI, the role of the government should be catalytic, not operational. Digipin’s breakthrough moment will come when someone builds the addressing equivalent of Google Pay or PhonePe—with an interface so intuitive that using landmark-based directions feels as antiquated as paying with cash. Early adopters will, no doubt, be delivery-heavy businesses, but I’m far more keen to see the second-order effects: How precise addressing will reshape social coordination in ways that we have yet to imagine.

Some 30 years ago, we couldn’t imagine needing the internet; 20 years ago, mobile phones seemed like a luxury; 10 years ago, digital payments felt optional. Today, precise addressing feels like a nice-to-have, but tomorrow, we probably won’t remember how we managed without it.

For too long, we’ve been finding workarounds to getting around. Digipin is our chance to finally address our addressing challenge.

The author is a partner at Trilegal and the author of ‘The Third Way: India’s Revolutionary Approach to Data Governance’. His X handle is @matthan.